Decoding refers to a readers’ ability to apply knowledge of letter-sound relationships in correctly reading written words (Foorman et al., 2016). Readers may apply this knowledge by recognizing the sounds (phonemes) that letters (graphemes) represent, as well as the sounds produced by syllables and/or other word parts (Castles et al., 2018).
Similarly, Dilgard et al. (2022) defined decodable text as being characterized by recognizing the relationship between words and sounds in a given text, word structure, and high frequency irregular sight words within simple sentences, basic storylines, and limited information in a given text.